Systems • ADC — Quantization & Anti-Sniff

Conversion You Can Trust — Where Attacks Die and Evidence Begins

Quantum-electrical events preserved • Artifacts rejected

Watcher’s reliability isn’t an accident—it’s engineered at the conversion boundary. By controlling quantization strategy, clock discipline, front-end topology, and anti-sniff defenses at the ADC, PAXV prevents spoofed “truth” from ever becoming data, while preserving physically faithful events with hardware-anchored provenance.

What the ADC Enables Across the Watcher Line

IC • ACS • Acquisition • Storage • Q-Vault

The conversion boundary is the trust boundary

  • Intelligence Collector (IC): calibrated taps and inline timebases deliver nanosecond-accurate captures.
  • Acquisition Server: programmable gain/dither, multi-ADC sync, and deterministic thresholding.
  • Advanced Comms Switch (ACS): routes verified signal artifacts with minimal metadata leakage.
  • Storage Server: retains raw frames plus derived edges with chain-of-custody.
  • Q-Vault: seals provenance at capture; tamper-evident signature over quantized outputs.

We control noise, bias, and thresholds so quantization produces trustworthy steps—and edges with provenance.

ADC Architecture — Built for Integrity and Speed

Front-end → Conversion → Post-quantization

Front-End Discipline

  • Impedance-matched inputs, protection stacks, EMI/RFI hygiene
  • Programmable gain, anti-aliasing, linearity budgets
  • Bias control & sensor excitation with drift monitoring

Conversion Strategy

  • Bit-depth vs bandwidth tradecraft per mission
  • Dither strategy to linearize quantization; noise shaping where appropriate
  • Threshold design to drive deterministic digital edges

Post-Quantization Hygiene

  • Immediate provenance tagging (timebase, channel, gain state)
  • Edge derivation for FPGA pipelines (sub-µs path)
  • Compression & crypto for transport via ACS

Anti-Sniff at the Converter — Stopping Artifacts at the Source

Spoof rejection before “data” exists

Countermeasures

  • Timing coherence tests: reject samples that fail phase/PLL discipline.
  • Bias & baseline attestation: detect unnatural DC shifts & step anomalies.
  • Cross-channel parity: correlated sensors must agree within tolerances.
  • Out-of-band canary tones: verify signal path identity; flag injected paths.
  • Dynamic threshold auditing: confirm transitions align with analog slope physics.

Result: Spoofed energy is tagged or dropped at conversion, not after a SOC alert.

Only edges consistent with physical slope and clock coherence produce valid transitions.

Clock Discipline & Synchronization

If time is wrong, everything is wrong

Low-Phase-Noise References

Deterministic jitter budgets per chain; coherent multi-ADC sampling for cross-sensor truth.

Nanosecond-Class Timestamps

Hardware-anchored time tags at capture; no retroactive “log time” ambiguity.

Trustable Edges

Edges are emitted only when timing, slope, and amplitude agree—FPGA pipelines act with confidence.

From Analog → Quantized Steps → Deterministic Edges → Logic

Sub-µs hardware path

1) Pre-condition & Capture

Anti-alias filters, gain plan, bias control, and EMI/RFI hygiene deliver clean inputs to the ADC.

2) Quantize with Intent

Dither/noise shaping as needed; thresholds designed to create edges that reflect physical reality.

3) Emit Edges

Edges with provenance (timebase, channel, gain state) feed FPGAs for sub-µs decisions and interlocks.

4) Secure & Route

ACS moves verified artifacts with minimal metadata exposure; Storage preserves raw + edges.

5) Correlate & Act

Cross-channel agreement and time coherence drive machine control or mission alerts without false trips.

6) Audit & Prove

Q-Vault attests to chain-of-custody; forensics access both waveform and derived decisions.

Myths vs Facts — “Digital Already Does This”

Why conversion integrity matters

Myth

  • “IDS/IPS/AV will catch it later anyway.”
  • “It’s just bits—doesn’t matter where they came from.”
  • “ADC front-ends are commodity and interchangeable.”

Fact

  • Later is too late. Once spoofed energy is digitized, it looks authentic to software analytics.
  • Provenance is physical. Time, slope, and coherence at conversion determine truthfulness.
  • Front-ends define reality. Bias, impedance, and clock discipline decide whether bits mean anything.

Compromised conversion ⇒ convincing digital lies. PAXV prevents that at the ADC.

Where Anti-Sniff Wins — Illustrative Scenarios

Defense, critical industry, covert environments

Injected Spur During Capture

Adversary couples a carrier into the harness. Clock-coherence & slope tests fail; spur is tagged and dropped pre-packet.

Drifted Bias Attack

Long-tail DC shift attempts to walk thresholds. Baseline attestation flags the drift and freezes edge emission.

Cross-Sensor Mismatch

One channel reports an event; correlated channels disagree within window → event quarantined for review.

Engineering Checklist — PAXV ADC Implementation

Build it right the first time

Design Inputs

  • Target bandwidth & SNR, noise figure, linearity budgets
  • Front-end impedance, protection, and anti-alias topology
  • Clock source phase noise & jitter budget
  • Dither/noise shaping selection and levels
  • Cross-channel sync (trigger, PPS, PTP/White-Rabbit class where applicable)

Validation Gates

GateMethodPass Criteria
Threshold AuditSlope/phase matchEdges only on physical rise/fall windows
Bias AttestationBaseline monitorsNo uncaused DC walk outside band
CoherencePLL/phase checksChannels within tolerance
Anti-SniffCanary + OOB testsNo rogue path activation
ProvenanceHW time tagsNanosecond-class stamps present
Deliverable: quantized streams + edge traces with hardware time, gain state, channel IDs, and anti-sniff attestations.
Feeds: FPGA logic (sub-µs), ACS transport, Storage Server archives, Watcher analytics, and Q-Vault for chain-of-custody.

ADC — Quantization & Anti-Sniff • FAQ

Open discussion points

Do you still store digital data?

Yes—after it’s validated at conversion. We store raw frames, edges, and provenance so downstream analytics are trustworthy.

How is this different from “filtering noise”?

We’re not just filtering—we’re attesting to physical coherence and rejecting injected energy before it becomes “true” data.

Can this coexist with IDS/IPS/SIEM?

Yes. We upstream them with verified events, reducing false positives and surfacing attacks that never show up in logs.